Thermodynamics

• Energies of binding and
  conformational change
• Protein melt and
  stability studies
• Dynamic phase transitions

The thermodynamics of binding demonstrate how energetically favorable and stable an interaction might be. These can be measured in the 4D Workstation from either equilibrium (van't Hoff's equation) or kinetically (Eyring equation) derived responses taken across a range of temperatures. Using the 4D Workstations unique ability to measure both binding and conformational change, the energies of both can be obtained and compared in a single experiment. Again, of course, the 4D Workstation requires no mass change at all and the thermodynamics associated with purely a conformational change are readily obtained.